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Darial Gorge
The Dariali Gorge ((グルジア語:დარიალის ხეობა), ''Darialis Kheoba''; (ロシア語:Дарьяльское ущелье); (オセット語:Арвыком), ''Arvykom'') is the gorge on the border between Russia and Georgia. It is at the east base of Mount Kazbek, pierced by the river Terek for a distance of 8 miles between vertical walls of rock (1800 m/5900 ft) and is located south of present-day Vladikavkaz.
==In history==
The name ''Darial'' originates from ''Dar-e Alān'' (در الان) meaning ''Gate of the Alans'' in Persian. The Alans held the lands north of the pass in the first centuries AD. The gorge, alternatively known as the Iberian Gates or the Caucasian Gates, is mentioned in the Georgian annals under the names of Darialani; Strabo calls it ''Porta Caucasica'' and ''Porta Cumana''; Ptolemy, ''Fortes Sarmatica''; it was sometimes known as ''Porta Caucasica'' and ''Portae Caspiae'' (a name bestowed also on the "gate" or pass beside the Caspian Sea at Derbent); and the Tatars call it Darioly.〔
Josephus wrote that Alexander the Great built iron gates at an unspecified pass which some Latin and Greek authors identified with Darial.
Darial Pass fell into Sassanid hands in 252-253, when the Sassanid Empire conquered and annexed Iberia.〔Ehsan Yarshater. ''The Cambridge history of Iran'', Volume 1. Cambridge University Press, 1983. ISBN 0-521-20092-X, 9780521200929, p. 141〕 The control of the Darial Pass switched to the Western Turkic Kaganate in 628, when Tong Yabgu Kagan signed a treaty with Iberia, transferring over to the Kaganate the control of all its cities and fortresses, and establishing free trade.〔Movses Kagankatvatsi. ''History of Agvans'' (Russian trans. and ed. by Patkanov). St. Petersburg, 1861, pp. 121〕 Control of Darial Pass switched to the Arab Rashidun Caliphate in 644.〔Akram A.I. ''The Muslim Conquest of Persia'', Ch:16 ISBN 978-0-19-597713-4〕 Afterwards, it was controlled by the Kingdom of Georgia. There was a battle point between the Ilkhanate and the Golden Horde, then indirectly controlled by Safavids and Qajar state, until it was captured by Russian Empire after annexation of Kingdom of Georgia in 1801-1830. It remained a strategic Russian forepost under Russian control until the dismemberment of the Soviet Union.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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